The Coming Of Christianity And The Kingdom Of The Franks

The coming of Christianity to the kingdom of the Franks was likely the greatest shift of Frankish ideology, going from the traditional pagan culture to the most powerful political and military system in Western Europe famously rooted in biblical truths during the medieval period. With Christianity being the foundation of the kingdom, both royals or peasants, clergy or laymen, and Christians and pagans were to become subject the teachings of the Holy Scriptures and the establishment of the Church. Whether a king or bishop, those within the influence of the Frankish kingdom were to uphold and protect the religious orthodox and defer all who rejected it. The Frankish ideology, rather than consistently changing, was more so a series of developments that both maintained the traditional values of the early church and strengthened the expectations of the church based on the conflicts of what was considered truth or heresy. The rise of the Carolingians marked a major turning point for Frankish kingship that altered the justification of authority from ancestral ties to divine acceptance. Before the Carolingian dynasty began, the Merovingian dynasty ruled the Franks starting in the mid fifth century. As a dynasty, the Merovingian rule foundationally stood upon the leadership of the royal family, in that no one outside of the family could be at the head of the kingdom. However, the position of the mayor of the palace had many responsibilities and other official daily tasks thatShow MoreRelatedThe Crusades And The Holy Land Of Europe1526 Words   |  7 PagesCrusades began as a series of some religious wars which the Latin Church sanctioned between the periods of 11th to 16th centuries. The aim of coming up with crusades was to save Jerusalem from the Islamic rule at that time. As much as crusades were for advancing the cause of Christ, they began as a way to free the Christians from the Islamic rule and force. The essay explains all the crusades started in Europe and determines if the crusades signify Christian worldviews. The first crusade in EuropeRead MoreHan and Roman Empire778 Words   |  4 Pagesemperor. They were both similar in slavery, government, and their downfall. They also had their differences in religion, military, and center of power. Both civilizations had very strong central governments which allowed for powerful and expanding kingdoms. Both empires had to develop road systems for their expanding military. The Roman army men were experienced and privileged and held high ranks in their class system and played an important role, along with the senate, in choosing an emperor. TheRead MoreChristianity Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity, if false, is of no importance, and if true, of infinite importance. The only thing it cannot be is moderately important (C.S. Lewis). Christianity is a religion based on the life and teaching, in the New Testament, of Jesus. It is a type of religion that only believes in one God. People who follow this religion are called Christians. Most Christians believe that God is one eternal being who exists as three distinct, eternal, and indivisible persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus ChristRead MoreSimilarities Between Marco Polo And Charlemagne1594 Words   |  7 Pagestheir role in society they both spread their ideas to others that they met either in their journeys or when they were conquering the land. Charlemagne tried to convert people to the idea of Christianity when he conquered new land and started using military force to make all his subjects to convert to Christianity and started slaughtering those who refused to convert. Marco Polo spread his ideas through trade. He used the Silk Road as a route to spread the ideas that he found in China to others andRead MoreFeudalism2848 Words   |  12 Pagesboth saw it as an economy and society marked by poverty, exploitation, and inequality. Squashes manorialism, feudalism, Christianity all together. What historians usually mean when the talk about FEUDALISM is a SET OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY RELATIONSHIPS that dominated most of Medieval Europe in the absence of a strong central power, either the Roman Empire or a European kingdom. Two big stages in the Political history of Europe during the Middle Ages FEUDALISM 1. Decentralization c. 476Read MoreThe French Economy Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise and a highly developed social welfare system. Englands economy specific has large influence in the overall economic standing of the United Kingdom. Tourism is a large part of the UKs economy with millions of people traveling there every year, taking up a significant portion of Englands overall revenue. Political Climate- the United Kingdom government is broken down into two parts: as Parliament, and a constitutional monarchy. The royal aspects of the UK government have mainly become moreRead MoreSummaries of Indapatra and Sulayaman, the Song of Roland and Iliad2416 Words   |  10 PagesPhilippines  with a significant  Muslim  presence Characters * Emperor Indarapatra -clever, kind and courageous. He owns a spear that after he throws to his ene my will come back to him * Prince Sulayman –helped his brother to fight for their kingdom * Kurita – animal with many feet * Tarabusaw – humanoid that eats human * Pah – a large monster bird * Kurayan –a bird with seven heads * Bathala - was the Supreme God of the ancient  Tagalog  and King of theDiwatas Purpose * To showRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Church And Secular Authority2157 Words   |  9 Pageswho had ultimate authority to rule over Christendom and within kingdoms. These disputes also dealt with the rights and privileges the Church had acquired within kingdoms especially the elevation of the clergy above the laity by putting the clergy above the law with separate church courts. By the mid-eleventh century, it can be seen that the Church had gained strength to challenge the secular ruler for authority in their own kingdoms and establishing special rights and privileges for its clergy. TheseRead MoreThe First Christian Crusade: Four Accounts1814 Words   |  8 PagesChartres, a priest and servant of King Baldwin I. His account for the motivation for a Christian invasion of the Middle East cites that Pope Urban the II felt that the East was a threat to Christianity. The Pope uses the example of Turks invading Romania as a sign of eastern people’s attempts to disrupt Ch ristianity. Urban II feels so strongly on this issue that he goes on to say â€Å"If you allow them to continue much longer they will conquer Gods faithful people† (Readings in Medieval History, Geary,Read MoreChristianity And The Middle Ages1770 Words   |  8 PagesReligion is often a driving force behind civilizations, and Christianity is no different. During the Middle Ages in Europe when chaos and instability ruled, Christianity was a guiding light in the darkness. Shaping the European continent, Christianity affected it in ways that paved the road to the modern-day Western civilizations. After the fall of Rome in 476 CE, anarchy erupted in Western Europe. Christianity rose to power as the single dominating and unifying central authority, acting as a government

What Does Trump s 6 Point Health Care Plan Actually Mean...

What Does Trump’s 6 Point Health Care Plan Actually Mean for the Industry? Healthcare Reform President Elect, Donald Trump, posted an updated transition plan for his Healthcare Reform on the website www.greatagain.gov. The website outlines his concerns with the Affordable Care Act (ACA); going on to describe rapidly rising premiums and deductibles along with shrinking networks and health insurance. â€Å"A Trump Administration will work with Congress to repeal the ACA and replace it with a solution that includes Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), and returns the historic role in regulating health insurance to the States† It reads. â€Å"The Administration’s goal will be to create a patient-centered healthcare system that promotes choice, quality and affordability of health insurance and healthcare, and take any needed action to alleviate the burdens imposed on American families and businesses by the law.† The post outlines six main bullets that Trump plans focus on during his reform. Healthcare was a significant point of disagreement throughout the election, and even now, the industry is filled with uncertainty for the future. What have we seen so far? In reality, we won’t be able to see the true effects of the election until after implementation of the policies, most likely in early 2018. What we have been able to see are the initial reactions of Trump’s people and groups. After a recent post-election poll, which indicated healthcare is the most important aspect for Trump in hisShow MoreRelatedIdentifying Venture Opportunities6340 Words   |  26 PagesCASE: E-323 DATE: 11/18/08 IDENTIFYING VENTURE OPPORTUNITIES I never perfected an invention that I did not think about in terms of the service it might give others... I find out what the world needs, then I proceed to invent. —Thomas Edison INTRODUCTION One of the biggest questions on every hopeful entrepreneur’s mind is, ―how do I come up with a compelling idea for a new venture?â€â€" While there is no right or wrong answer to this question, there are several things to be aware of and thinkingRead More Casino Development in Massachusetts Essay5400 Words   |  22 Pagesunemployment rate rises in the state, what are lawmakers doing to help boost the economy and close the deficit? Heading into the fiscal year 2005, Massachusetts is facing a record deficit of close to two billion dollars. Lawmakers on Beacon Hill are scrambling for solutions, but seem to be coming up empty handed. With the elections drawing nearer and nearer, and local state contenders vying for seats in the state congress getting more competitive with one another, what can Massachusetts do about this economicRead MoreAnalysis of Right to Work Laws Essay5677 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Constitutional system of government. With a balance of power between the states and the Federal government, this country is ripe for economic development. Wall Street is one of our country’s icons, and affluent business tycoons such as Donald Trump, J. Willard Marrio tt, Sam Walton, and Warren Buffett receive celebrity status. This economic strength has carried us through war and peace. In fact, images of Rosie the Riveter represent how we secured the home front during World War (National ParkRead MoreSELF EFFICACY BUSINESS PLAN Essay4753 Words   |  20 Pagesfrom the self-efficacy create as well as exactly how this particular report may be used to forecast entrepreneurial overall performance. 1.1 DEFINITION 1.1.1 SELF EFFICACY There’s a quote saying that â€Å"Excellence is asking more of yourself than what others do†. Self-efficacy creates in particular earlier encounters regarding mastery and pertains to the particular quote in how that will self-efficacy measure the individuals understanding within a particular construction, concentrating on thoseRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesmy textbook and for the encouraging words that many of you have passed on from around the world. In the final installment, I have put together answers/solutions to all 217 case studies. I hope you will find these solutions as a useful starting point. As with all BM mark schemes, the solutions in this Answer Book should be used with caution and flexibility. Students who take an alternative approach to the suggested solutions should still be credited where appropriate; teachers should use theirRead MoreCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 PagesCase - Part I Dr. Phillip G. Clampitt Cases in Media Management August 1, 2009 Crisis Management Team: PuRr-Luscious Ladies Debra Dobson Diane LeVeque Joyce Jentges Karen Sobiesczyk Proposed Crisis Management Plan 2 Table of Contents - Part I Purpose of Crisis Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Overview of Starbucks. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..........5 Acknowledgement Forms ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............†¦.†¦.......10 Crisis Rehearsal Dates †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 PagesCSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AN ANALYSIS OF THE WEBSITES OF THREE PHARMACEUTICAL WHOLESALERS MASTER THESIS Author: Josà © Javier Levrino (JL82847) Supervisor: Anne Ellerup Nielsen MA in Corporate Communication Ã…rhus, Denmark. August 2010 CSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Josà © Javier Levrino Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Delimitation 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 Scientific paradigm: hermeneuticsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesmoral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above shouldRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesGlobal Forces and the European Brewing Industry, tests a reader’s understanding of the main issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number o f organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analysis – the TUI case study or Illustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are writtenRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction - Framework9815 Words   |  40 PagesQUALITY AND ACCESS TO SERVICES AND SUPPORTS IN VULNERABLE NEIGHBORHOODS February 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 7 II. What will a Customer Satisfaction Framework Offer ........................... 9 A. A Hypothetical Example — Application to Public Human Services ......................... 9 B. A Hypothetical Example of an Engaged and Informed Resident Consumer Strategy

Will Moller Analysis free essay sample

As a result, those athletes are looked down upon for cheating the game and the fans. Nonetheless, people fail to understand the outside factors that influence great athletes such as Barry Bonds and Ben Johnson to use performance enhancing drugs. In his May 5, 2009 article â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Will Moller, blog writer for The Yankees $, argues that that performance-enhancing drugs should be permissible because the majority of good professional baseball players are forced to take steroids and such, as a result of baseball fans placing players on a pedestal to perform beyond their capacity. Moller makes a good point that fans have some responsibility for athletes cheating because of the pressure fans place on them to perform at an enormously high level; however, there are other responsible parties as well, including coaches, players, and the NCAA drug policy system as a whole. One of the primary reasons for athletes using performance-enhancing drugs is because of the fans animalistic desire for great entertainment. This actually causes athletes to want to perform at the highest level possible and stand out as great icons to the fans. To support his implication, Moller uses the pathos appeal, as he presents an analogy, of his personal experience as a student who was forced to use Ritalin because he struggled with the rigorous and competitive academic work assigned to him. Moller’s reaction to his choice was that he â€Å"did what [he] felt [he] needed to do, to accomplish the goal that was demanded† from him, despite understanding the â€Å"serious side effects, magnifying [his] senses in a very negative way. Nonetheless, academic success outweighed the bad side effects. Similarly, college and professional athletes are placed on a pedestal that urges them to accomplish success, win championships, and set unbreakable records. He also appeals to reasoning by recognizing that athletes should not be severely misjudged as cheaters for using performance enhancing drug use because they wish to perform better for their fans. There are other outside factors that also pressure players to cheat. Coaches’ extreme pressure towards their players to perform at a high level indirectly encourages athletes to use steroids and develop more strength. Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz was believed to be a primary cause for his players using anabolic steroids during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Steve Huffman, a former linebacker, claimed coach Holtz â€Å"put [him] in this situation† because he once criticized the injured star during a team speech by stating that Huffman â€Å"let everybody in this room down if [he] quit. † In addition, Holtz threatened to rescind Huffman’s scholarship and showed no remorse or care for Huffman and the rest of the players during the losing season. Coaches who exert a strong mental toughness are perceived as good leaders who may lead their team to overall success. However, fans and the media do not recognize that tough love can have a burden on players, physically and emotionally. A coach, who constantly scolds players instead of guiding them, is tortuously leading players to use performance-enhancing drugs in hope of easing the burden and accomplishing what everyone around them selfishly wants. Coach Holtz practiced such coaching methods and as a result, school officials admitted that during the 1986 season five players tested positive for anabolic steroid use. Aside from coaches, the weak NCAA drug policy system also influences players to cheat. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is undeniably much more prevalent than it is generally acknowledged to be because of the weak policy regulations. Welch Suggs, an American collegiate sportswriter for The Chronicle of Higher Education, claims steroid use is rampant among college-level players. A senate panel spoke to a former college football athlete, who choose to remain anonymous, claimed that despite gaining twenty pounds and dropping his 40-yard dash time to 4. 5 seconds, his coaches urged him and many other players to gain even more weight and become stronger. People may be asking themselves how players are able to avoid the NCAA random drug policy tests. The former college football star argues that â€Å"the policy is weak, however, and fairly predictable, with the drug tests falling in roughly the same period of time every year† (Suggs). The weak enforcement gives athletes a greater motivation to begin using performance-enhancing drugs. Don Catlin, a professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA, oversees and examines drug testing for the NCAA and believes it is not â€Å"aggressive enough, but that’s society and the mind-set. The dollars just aren’t there† (Suggs). Fans, coaches, the NCAA, and society as a whole are responsible for encouraging cheating and drug use. People are not taking the matter seriously and as a result, steroids and other drugs are easily available for athletes to purchase online, in the streets, or maybe even from their coaches. In fact, Charles Grassley, the former Iowa Republican chairman of the caucus, showed the NCAA senate panel online auctions on eBay for Winstrol and Dianabol, which are commonly prescribed steroids. Ultimately, the fact that drug testing policies are so weak is practically asking players to use performance-enhancing drugs and cheat the game. Fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA drug policy may influence players to use steroids, but the ultimate decision is left to the athlete. Just as everyone is responsible for their choices, players must decide whether they wish to cheat, just as Moller had. The option to cheat in academics or sports is easily available, despite most people not realizing it. In a March 1st, 2010 blog in Sports Illustrated, â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† writer Joe Posnanski argues that the beautiful game of baseball and other sports has always existed, despite people claiming that it has not or that baseball has become corrupt due to steroid and amphetamine use. He begins by introducing author Pete Hamill, a novelist, who believes that the game of baseball was at its finest, prior to performance enhancing drug use. To develop his argument, Posnanski concedes to the opposition first by praising Pete Hamill’s romantic novels and later criticizes Hamill’s willful self-deception by naively believing that drug use is not common in America and American baseball, as a means of cheating. Posnanski understand that baseball like all other sports â€Å"was never innocent, that America was never innocent, that innocence itself was never innocent† (Posnanski). Posnanski concedes first to show his respect by demonstrating his own character. In doing this, he is able to highlight the significant accomplishments in baseball history that have occurred due to amphetamine usage. In addition, Posnanski claims that steroids are much more readily available today than in the past. But cheating has always existed, in all forms. The fans, the coaches, and the NCAA itself are all responsible for willful self-deception as well, for having influenced players to begin using performance-enhancing drugs but believing steroid use is not rampant in college-level and professional sports. Fans are not entirely responsible for athletes cheating in college-level and professional sports. However they are one of many factors that contribute to players using performance-enhancing drugs. Athletes, fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA dug policy and enforcement may all determine an athlete’s choice to cheat; however, the players themselves must be accountable for their choices. Illicit drug use has negative side effects that can be harmful to athletes. But the desire to perform at a high level, break scoring records, win games, and championships is an always tempting just as it is to get an A on an exam. Works Cited Huffman, Steve. â€Å"I Deserve My Turn. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 27 Aug. 1990. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Moller, Will. â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses. † The Yankees $. N. p. , 5 May, 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Posnanski, Joe. â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Suggs, Welch. â€Å"Steroids Are Rampant Among College Athletes, a Senate Panel Is Told. † The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50. 46 (2004): A33. ProQuest. Web. 14 Nov. 2012

Shirley Valentine Essay Example

Shirley Valentine   Essay Originally Shirley Valentine was a sensational monologue performed by Pauline Collins. Willy Russell wrote it as a screenplay about a tedious and lone some middle-aged womans story who is trapped in her marriage. She has the utter extravagant opportunity to escape from this miserable life of hers to go and search for the real Shirley Valentine. During this journey we are shown the different stages of her life as she sees them. Russell has used devices such as flashbacks and voiceovers to make the screen play more interesting for the audience to understand. These devices play a big role in the structure of the play. This essay illuminates Shirleys transformation and how the formation of the play shows this. Russell has used a wide range of cinematic devices. This allows the audience to understand Shirley in a more better interesting and effective way. We are shown credits before the start. They overlay pictures of more domestic activities which any typical house wife would have to do. For example gardening and cleaning. We also hear a soundtrack which gives a negative feeling because of its sympathetic mood. This gives us a clue about the film and also introduces the idea of regret. The lyrics describe some one who is not appeased and satisfied. This would make us think that the movie is about Shirley and her unsatisfied life. We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The film opens with Shirley doing one of her domestic activities. Shes carrying her bags of shopping in to the kitchen in a uncheery manner. Shirley then closes the door and leans against it . A moment later we have her talking to the wall Hello wall to indicate that she must be lonely and even shows us that she must be fed-up. Gillian pops by and asks Shirley to come over. Shirley (vo) said, oooo shes got a brain tumour. Gillian thinks shes the best and shows off all the time. She asks Shirley to feed the dog while shes away in Brussels very rudely. Id make arrangements for mummy to feed Claymore- but she finds now she cant do this evening. So if you could manage. Its like just Gillian insulted Shirley. Gillian told Shirley to feed the muesli to the vegetarian bloodhound. However Shirley gave Joes steak to the dog as she knew it was sick of eating muesli. Gillian didnt seem to realise that. Russell had used specific devices to help the audience get to know Shirley better. Just like flashbacks, which enable us to see the past to see what happened. We only see what happened from Shirleys point of view. So we only see one side of the argument. We often have Shirley talking to the camera. This would make us feel included and as though shes talking to us telling us her feelings which may encourage us to believe her so well be on her side as were biased. Shirley shares her feelings with the wall as there is no body else around ,Hey, wall do you remember when we first moved in here?. There were shown a flashback in which Joe and Shirley are newly married. The scene shows is how happy they both were, their relationship was so friendly and everything was perfect. The scene after this contrasts sharply because their relationship with each other has completely changed, kind of like the opposite. When Joe comes home he starts yelling at Shirley in a very bad way, Who the bloody hell are you talkin to?. After watching the flash back we can see how Shirleys life has changed. We feel more sympathy for her because of Joes change. We think that its all Joes fault and that theres no hand of Shirley behind this. The play is organised with flashbacks to show the importance of these changes. The flashback of when they were newly married fits in because the scene before is about Shirley talking to the wall about how Joe used to be. It connects. The play has been organised into flashbacks through out so that we can look back at events from Shirleys point of view so we can understand her better. Just like the flash back of when Shirley was at school. Voiceovers help too because as well as just watching what happened, we listen to Shirley tell us how she felt and also add anything that would help us to understand the situation that she was in better. Like when the headmistress said, Oh, Shirley do put your hand down. You couldnt possibly know the answer. Shirley was not given the opportunity to answer the question because of her image and impression on people. Shirley (vo) , But I knew I had the right answer. This showed us that Shirleys expectations werent high enough at school. The turning point for Shirley was after that school assembly because she wasnt given the chance to participate which made her really furious. Shirley (vo), But it was only the clever ones who get to do things like that. The ones like Majorie Majors. S hirley started to pick on Majorie Majors because of her jealousy and became evil. Shirley (vo) , I was never really interested in school after that. I became a rebel. If the play wasnt organised into flashbacks and other devices and the story was shown in the order it actually happened then we would not feel sympathy for Shirley. We may even hate her know because we wouldnt see the story from her eyes. Shirley isnt quite sure of her decision to go to Greece. The scene when Joe violently pushes his plates of chips and egg is when Shirley makes her mind to go. She shows Joe the poster of Greece to tell him that shes going. Shirley said, Its a place . . . Its a place Im goin to. It was Joes behaviour that made Shirley make her mind up, Joe was the reason of Shirley deciding not to go because of her guiltiness of leaving Joe alone. We understand that its right for Shirley to go because of the way Joes been treating her and because of the flashbacks which makes us feel sorry for her. This chips and egg scene shows us that all Joe cares about is his daily routine, nothing else is important to him. Joe was swearing and yelling at Shirley just because she fed the steak to Gillians dog. Joe said, Chips an eggs. Chips an friggin egg . . . when Im working all the hours that God sends. This scene shows us that Joe still hasnt been able to understand Shirley well. Joe thinks that Shirleys all happy at home and has a great time. He doesnt get that she talks to the kitchen wall because of her loneliness. We also understand that its right for Shirley to go because we see things from her point of view and Shirley thinks that its right for herself to go so we agree with her. During her holiday in Greece Shirley begins to like herself again. She realises her need for happiness. The fact that she changes from Shirley Bradshaw to Shirley Valentine is made noticeable by Willy Russell. The scene on the boat when Shirley and Costas lie on a towel kissing is an example of Shirley changing because it shows us if Shirley still cared about Joe she would have said no to him. When Jane said, I know you must be having the most awful time. I suppose youve been sitting here talking to the wall havent you? . . . Jane was wrong this shows that Shirley has changed because what Jane expected fro her didnt happen. Shirley had a great time with Costas and on the beach. This shows that Shirley is becoming independent and is no longer dependant on others. The setting and costume are different in Greece and so helped because Greece is full of Sunshine and social life where as in Liverpool its usually quite dull with pouring rain and for most of the time Shirleys at home alone. We are shown short scenes in which Shirley gets together with other women and is socially involved. In Greece people are open with each other. Shirleys clothing in Greece made her seem younger and single. Kitchen sink drama is drama portraying working class and lower middle class life, social problems or relationships with an emphasis on domestic realism. Shirley Valentine is an example of Kitchen sink drama because it is based around the kitchen sink. Shirley has no purpose in life and hasnt fulfilled her ambitions. She is caught in her married life. She doesnt have any particular reason to live. You cant say Shirley Valentine is a proper kitchen sink drama because in the end Shirley is no longer around the kitchen sink. This shows that she has changed. This is why it just leans upon Kitchen sink drama. Russell has made many of the convections of Kitchen sink drama to make the screen play more poignant. At the end we can tell that Shirley has changed because from working in the kitchen she now works in Greece in the Taverna. This is a physical change but she has mentally changed too. Her thoughts, ideas of living and everything has changed. She even admits it, Thats right Joe. Thats exactly what it is, Joe. Its a change of life. In the last scene Joe walks past Shirley because he didnt manage to recognise her. This shows that Shirley has even changed her look. She called Joe and said, Hello I used to be the mother, I used to be the wife but now Im Shirley Valentine again. Joe had no choice he had to accept it because Shirley just told him that she changed. Joe remained silent until Shirley asked him to join her for a drink. Joe said, Err, thanks. This shows that Joe is a little nervous and because he didnt say anything it shows their relationship has changed and that shes no longer Shirley Bradshaw. At the beginning in a flash back we found out that young Shirley hated herself. She wanted to be like Majorie. Now Shirley is proud of her self as an individual. She has gained confidence in herself. She relied on Joe for almost everything but now she doesnt need him, which is why she didnt leave him earlier. The play has been organised using devices to show the importance of Shirleys changes and so that they are well noticed. The play has been structured in such a way to show the changes clearly.