Will Moller Analysis free essay sample

As a result, those athletes are looked down upon for cheating the game and the fans. Nonetheless, people fail to understand the outside factors that influence great athletes such as Barry Bonds and Ben Johnson to use performance enhancing drugs. In his May 5, 2009 article â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Will Moller, blog writer for The Yankees $, argues that that performance-enhancing drugs should be permissible because the majority of good professional baseball players are forced to take steroids and such, as a result of baseball fans placing players on a pedestal to perform beyond their capacity. Moller makes a good point that fans have some responsibility for athletes cheating because of the pressure fans place on them to perform at an enormously high level; however, there are other responsible parties as well, including coaches, players, and the NCAA drug policy system as a whole. One of the primary reasons for athletes using performance-enhancing drugs is because of the fans animalistic desire for great entertainment. This actually causes athletes to want to perform at the highest level possible and stand out as great icons to the fans. To support his implication, Moller uses the pathos appeal, as he presents an analogy, of his personal experience as a student who was forced to use Ritalin because he struggled with the rigorous and competitive academic work assigned to him. Moller’s reaction to his choice was that he â€Å"did what [he] felt [he] needed to do, to accomplish the goal that was demanded† from him, despite understanding the â€Å"serious side effects, magnifying [his] senses in a very negative way. Nonetheless, academic success outweighed the bad side effects. Similarly, college and professional athletes are placed on a pedestal that urges them to accomplish success, win championships, and set unbreakable records. He also appeals to reasoning by recognizing that athletes should not be severely misjudged as cheaters for using performance enhancing drug use because they wish to perform better for their fans. There are other outside factors that also pressure players to cheat. Coaches’ extreme pressure towards their players to perform at a high level indirectly encourages athletes to use steroids and develop more strength. Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz was believed to be a primary cause for his players using anabolic steroids during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Steve Huffman, a former linebacker, claimed coach Holtz â€Å"put [him] in this situation† because he once criticized the injured star during a team speech by stating that Huffman â€Å"let everybody in this room down if [he] quit. † In addition, Holtz threatened to rescind Huffman’s scholarship and showed no remorse or care for Huffman and the rest of the players during the losing season. Coaches who exert a strong mental toughness are perceived as good leaders who may lead their team to overall success. However, fans and the media do not recognize that tough love can have a burden on players, physically and emotionally. A coach, who constantly scolds players instead of guiding them, is tortuously leading players to use performance-enhancing drugs in hope of easing the burden and accomplishing what everyone around them selfishly wants. Coach Holtz practiced such coaching methods and as a result, school officials admitted that during the 1986 season five players tested positive for anabolic steroid use. Aside from coaches, the weak NCAA drug policy system also influences players to cheat. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is undeniably much more prevalent than it is generally acknowledged to be because of the weak policy regulations. Welch Suggs, an American collegiate sportswriter for The Chronicle of Higher Education, claims steroid use is rampant among college-level players. A senate panel spoke to a former college football athlete, who choose to remain anonymous, claimed that despite gaining twenty pounds and dropping his 40-yard dash time to 4. 5 seconds, his coaches urged him and many other players to gain even more weight and become stronger. People may be asking themselves how players are able to avoid the NCAA random drug policy tests. The former college football star argues that â€Å"the policy is weak, however, and fairly predictable, with the drug tests falling in roughly the same period of time every year† (Suggs). The weak enforcement gives athletes a greater motivation to begin using performance-enhancing drugs. Don Catlin, a professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA, oversees and examines drug testing for the NCAA and believes it is not â€Å"aggressive enough, but that’s society and the mind-set. The dollars just aren’t there† (Suggs). Fans, coaches, the NCAA, and society as a whole are responsible for encouraging cheating and drug use. People are not taking the matter seriously and as a result, steroids and other drugs are easily available for athletes to purchase online, in the streets, or maybe even from their coaches. In fact, Charles Grassley, the former Iowa Republican chairman of the caucus, showed the NCAA senate panel online auctions on eBay for Winstrol and Dianabol, which are commonly prescribed steroids. Ultimately, the fact that drug testing policies are so weak is practically asking players to use performance-enhancing drugs and cheat the game. Fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA drug policy may influence players to use steroids, but the ultimate decision is left to the athlete. Just as everyone is responsible for their choices, players must decide whether they wish to cheat, just as Moller had. The option to cheat in academics or sports is easily available, despite most people not realizing it. In a March 1st, 2010 blog in Sports Illustrated, â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† writer Joe Posnanski argues that the beautiful game of baseball and other sports has always existed, despite people claiming that it has not or that baseball has become corrupt due to steroid and amphetamine use. He begins by introducing author Pete Hamill, a novelist, who believes that the game of baseball was at its finest, prior to performance enhancing drug use. To develop his argument, Posnanski concedes to the opposition first by praising Pete Hamill’s romantic novels and later criticizes Hamill’s willful self-deception by naively believing that drug use is not common in America and American baseball, as a means of cheating. Posnanski understand that baseball like all other sports â€Å"was never innocent, that America was never innocent, that innocence itself was never innocent† (Posnanski). Posnanski concedes first to show his respect by demonstrating his own character. In doing this, he is able to highlight the significant accomplishments in baseball history that have occurred due to amphetamine usage. In addition, Posnanski claims that steroids are much more readily available today than in the past. But cheating has always existed, in all forms. The fans, the coaches, and the NCAA itself are all responsible for willful self-deception as well, for having influenced players to begin using performance-enhancing drugs but believing steroid use is not rampant in college-level and professional sports. Fans are not entirely responsible for athletes cheating in college-level and professional sports. However they are one of many factors that contribute to players using performance-enhancing drugs. Athletes, fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA dug policy and enforcement may all determine an athlete’s choice to cheat; however, the players themselves must be accountable for their choices. Illicit drug use has negative side effects that can be harmful to athletes. But the desire to perform at a high level, break scoring records, win games, and championships is an always tempting just as it is to get an A on an exam. Works Cited Huffman, Steve. â€Å"I Deserve My Turn. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 27 Aug. 1990. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Moller, Will. â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses. † The Yankees $. N. p. , 5 May, 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Posnanski, Joe. â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Suggs, Welch. â€Å"Steroids Are Rampant Among College Athletes, a Senate Panel Is Told. † The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50. 46 (2004): A33. ProQuest. Web. 14 Nov. 2012

Shirley Valentine Essay Example

Shirley Valentine   Essay Originally Shirley Valentine was a sensational monologue performed by Pauline Collins. Willy Russell wrote it as a screenplay about a tedious and lone some middle-aged womans story who is trapped in her marriage. She has the utter extravagant opportunity to escape from this miserable life of hers to go and search for the real Shirley Valentine. During this journey we are shown the different stages of her life as she sees them. Russell has used devices such as flashbacks and voiceovers to make the screen play more interesting for the audience to understand. These devices play a big role in the structure of the play. This essay illuminates Shirleys transformation and how the formation of the play shows this. Russell has used a wide range of cinematic devices. This allows the audience to understand Shirley in a more better interesting and effective way. We are shown credits before the start. They overlay pictures of more domestic activities which any typical house wife would have to do. For example gardening and cleaning. We also hear a soundtrack which gives a negative feeling because of its sympathetic mood. This gives us a clue about the film and also introduces the idea of regret. The lyrics describe some one who is not appeased and satisfied. This would make us think that the movie is about Shirley and her unsatisfied life. We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shirley Valentine   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The film opens with Shirley doing one of her domestic activities. Shes carrying her bags of shopping in to the kitchen in a uncheery manner. Shirley then closes the door and leans against it . A moment later we have her talking to the wall Hello wall to indicate that she must be lonely and even shows us that she must be fed-up. Gillian pops by and asks Shirley to come over. Shirley (vo) said, oooo shes got a brain tumour. Gillian thinks shes the best and shows off all the time. She asks Shirley to feed the dog while shes away in Brussels very rudely. Id make arrangements for mummy to feed Claymore- but she finds now she cant do this evening. So if you could manage. Its like just Gillian insulted Shirley. Gillian told Shirley to feed the muesli to the vegetarian bloodhound. However Shirley gave Joes steak to the dog as she knew it was sick of eating muesli. Gillian didnt seem to realise that. Russell had used specific devices to help the audience get to know Shirley better. Just like flashbacks, which enable us to see the past to see what happened. We only see what happened from Shirleys point of view. So we only see one side of the argument. We often have Shirley talking to the camera. This would make us feel included and as though shes talking to us telling us her feelings which may encourage us to believe her so well be on her side as were biased. Shirley shares her feelings with the wall as there is no body else around ,Hey, wall do you remember when we first moved in here?. There were shown a flashback in which Joe and Shirley are newly married. The scene shows is how happy they both were, their relationship was so friendly and everything was perfect. The scene after this contrasts sharply because their relationship with each other has completely changed, kind of like the opposite. When Joe comes home he starts yelling at Shirley in a very bad way, Who the bloody hell are you talkin to?. After watching the flash back we can see how Shirleys life has changed. We feel more sympathy for her because of Joes change. We think that its all Joes fault and that theres no hand of Shirley behind this. The play is organised with flashbacks to show the importance of these changes. The flashback of when they were newly married fits in because the scene before is about Shirley talking to the wall about how Joe used to be. It connects. The play has been organised into flashbacks through out so that we can look back at events from Shirleys point of view so we can understand her better. Just like the flash back of when Shirley was at school. Voiceovers help too because as well as just watching what happened, we listen to Shirley tell us how she felt and also add anything that would help us to understand the situation that she was in better. Like when the headmistress said, Oh, Shirley do put your hand down. You couldnt possibly know the answer. Shirley was not given the opportunity to answer the question because of her image and impression on people. Shirley (vo) , But I knew I had the right answer. This showed us that Shirleys expectations werent high enough at school. The turning point for Shirley was after that school assembly because she wasnt given the chance to participate which made her really furious. Shirley (vo), But it was only the clever ones who get to do things like that. The ones like Majorie Majors. S hirley started to pick on Majorie Majors because of her jealousy and became evil. Shirley (vo) , I was never really interested in school after that. I became a rebel. If the play wasnt organised into flashbacks and other devices and the story was shown in the order it actually happened then we would not feel sympathy for Shirley. We may even hate her know because we wouldnt see the story from her eyes. Shirley isnt quite sure of her decision to go to Greece. The scene when Joe violently pushes his plates of chips and egg is when Shirley makes her mind to go. She shows Joe the poster of Greece to tell him that shes going. Shirley said, Its a place . . . Its a place Im goin to. It was Joes behaviour that made Shirley make her mind up, Joe was the reason of Shirley deciding not to go because of her guiltiness of leaving Joe alone. We understand that its right for Shirley to go because of the way Joes been treating her and because of the flashbacks which makes us feel sorry for her. This chips and egg scene shows us that all Joe cares about is his daily routine, nothing else is important to him. Joe was swearing and yelling at Shirley just because she fed the steak to Gillians dog. Joe said, Chips an eggs. Chips an friggin egg . . . when Im working all the hours that God sends. This scene shows us that Joe still hasnt been able to understand Shirley well. Joe thinks that Shirleys all happy at home and has a great time. He doesnt get that she talks to the kitchen wall because of her loneliness. We also understand that its right for Shirley to go because we see things from her point of view and Shirley thinks that its right for herself to go so we agree with her. During her holiday in Greece Shirley begins to like herself again. She realises her need for happiness. The fact that she changes from Shirley Bradshaw to Shirley Valentine is made noticeable by Willy Russell. The scene on the boat when Shirley and Costas lie on a towel kissing is an example of Shirley changing because it shows us if Shirley still cared about Joe she would have said no to him. When Jane said, I know you must be having the most awful time. I suppose youve been sitting here talking to the wall havent you? . . . Jane was wrong this shows that Shirley has changed because what Jane expected fro her didnt happen. Shirley had a great time with Costas and on the beach. This shows that Shirley is becoming independent and is no longer dependant on others. The setting and costume are different in Greece and so helped because Greece is full of Sunshine and social life where as in Liverpool its usually quite dull with pouring rain and for most of the time Shirleys at home alone. We are shown short scenes in which Shirley gets together with other women and is socially involved. In Greece people are open with each other. Shirleys clothing in Greece made her seem younger and single. Kitchen sink drama is drama portraying working class and lower middle class life, social problems or relationships with an emphasis on domestic realism. Shirley Valentine is an example of Kitchen sink drama because it is based around the kitchen sink. Shirley has no purpose in life and hasnt fulfilled her ambitions. She is caught in her married life. She doesnt have any particular reason to live. You cant say Shirley Valentine is a proper kitchen sink drama because in the end Shirley is no longer around the kitchen sink. This shows that she has changed. This is why it just leans upon Kitchen sink drama. Russell has made many of the convections of Kitchen sink drama to make the screen play more poignant. At the end we can tell that Shirley has changed because from working in the kitchen she now works in Greece in the Taverna. This is a physical change but she has mentally changed too. Her thoughts, ideas of living and everything has changed. She even admits it, Thats right Joe. Thats exactly what it is, Joe. Its a change of life. In the last scene Joe walks past Shirley because he didnt manage to recognise her. This shows that Shirley has even changed her look. She called Joe and said, Hello I used to be the mother, I used to be the wife but now Im Shirley Valentine again. Joe had no choice he had to accept it because Shirley just told him that she changed. Joe remained silent until Shirley asked him to join her for a drink. Joe said, Err, thanks. This shows that Joe is a little nervous and because he didnt say anything it shows their relationship has changed and that shes no longer Shirley Bradshaw. At the beginning in a flash back we found out that young Shirley hated herself. She wanted to be like Majorie. Now Shirley is proud of her self as an individual. She has gained confidence in herself. She relied on Joe for almost everything but now she doesnt need him, which is why she didnt leave him earlier. The play has been organised using devices to show the importance of Shirleys changes and so that they are well noticed. The play has been structured in such a way to show the changes clearly.

Bio-Ethics essays

Bio-Ethics essays Bioethics is the study of the ethical problems arising from scientific advances. This usually is dealt with in the field of biology and medicine, (Webster 1). Bioethical research is beneficial to the prosperity and growth of humans. With advances in the biology field, humans can open doors to the unknown world. Stem cells present a new way to explore fundamental questions of biology (Sharples and Pellmar 55). This will prove to be extremely beneficial to the success of the biology field. Advancement in genetics will create more opportunities for cures of harmful diseases. Bioethics produces many benefits and even more opportunities. Stem cell research offers unprecedented opportunities for developing new treatments for debilitating diseases for which there are few or no cures (Sharples and Pellmar 55). By using stem cell research, humankind can help increase the longevity and prosperity of our lives. If humans can live longer healthier lives, in turn they will be able to find new medicines. This will lead to happier and more productive lives. With advances in the field of biology, there wouldnt be any boundaries to what scientists cant improve. Scientists have already begun to research and make new and improved foods. Some people say that these adjustments to cells are harmful. Yet, Scientists know of no generic harms associated with genetically engineered organisms (www.ucsusa.org). Why wouldnt humans want to take the most productive way of getting food? By genetically engineering plants, food quantities would be greatly increased. Along with increasing quantity comes increased quality. Genetically engineering foods helps bring out the best of the best. It would rid the agricultural industry of rotten corn, half developed tomatoes, and small corn husks. Destruction done to crops because of insects and weeds are a major reason why ...

Introduction to Beaux Arts Architecture

Introduction to Beaux Arts Architecture Beaux Arts is an opulent subset of the Neoclassical and Greek Revival architectural styles. A dominant design during the Gilded Age, Beaux Arts was popular but short-lived in the United States from roughly 1885-1925. Also known as Beaux-Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival, Beaux Arts is a late and eclectic form of Neoclassicism. It combines classical architecture from ancient Greece and Rome with Renaissance ideas. Beaux-Arts architecture became part of the American Renaissance movement. Beaux Arts is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation. Architectural characteristics include balustrades, balconies, columns, cornices, pilasters and triangular pediments. Stone exteriors are massive and grandiose in their symmetry; interiors are typically polished and lavishly decorated with sculptures, swags, medallions, flowers, and shields. Interiors will often have a grand stairway and opulent ballroom. Large arches rival the ancient Roman arches. In the United States, the Beaux-Arts style led to planned neighborhoods with large, showy houses, wide boulevards, and vast parks. Because of the size and grandiosity of the buildings, the Beaux-Arts style is most commonly used for public buildings like museums, railway stations, libraries, banks, courthouses, and government buildings. In the US, Beaux Arts was used in some of the public architecture in Washington, DC, most notably Union Station by architect Daniel H. Burnham and the Library of Congress (LOC) Thomas Jefferson building on Capitol Hill. The Architect of the Capitol describes the LOC as theatrical and heavily ornamented, which is perfectly suited to a young, wealthy and imperialistic nation in its Gilded Age. In Newport, Rhode Island, the Vanderbilt Marble House and Rosecliff Mansion stand out as grand Beaux-Arts cottages. In New York City, Grand Central Terminal, Carnegie Hall, the Waldorf, and the New York Public Library all express Beaux-Arts grandeur. In San Francisco, California, the Palace of Fine Arts and the Asian Art Museum made the California Gold Rush a reality. Besides Burnham, other architects associated with the style include Richard Morris Hunt (1827-1895), Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886), Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909), Raymond Hood (1881-1934), and George B. Post (1837-1913). The popularity of the Beaux-Arts style waned in the 1920s, and within 25 years the buildings were considered ostentatious. Today the phrase beaux arts is used by English-speaking people to attach a dignity and even a frivolity to the ordinary, such as the volunteer fundraising group named Beaux Arts in Miami, Florida. Its been used to suggest luxury and sophistication, as the Marriott hotel chain expresses with its Hotel Beaux Arts Miami. Its also part of a famous poem, Musà ©e des Beaux Arts, by W.H. Auden. French in Origin In French, the term beaux arts (pronounced BOZE-ar) means fine arts or beautiful arts. The Beaux-Arts style emanated from France, based on ideas taught at the legendary LÉcole des Beaux Arts (The School of Fine Arts), one of the oldest and most esteemed schools of architecture and design in Paris. The turn into the 20th century was a time of great growth throughout the world. It was a time after the American Civil War when the United States was truly becoming a country- and a world power. It was a time when architecture in the US was becoming a licensed profession requiring schooling. These French ideas of beauty were brought to America by American architects fortunate enough to have studied at the only internationally known school of architecture, L’Ecole des Beaux Arts. European aesthetics spread to wealthy areas of the world that had profited from industrialization. It is found mostly in urban areas, where it can make a more public statement of prosperity or an embarras sment of riches. In France, Beaux-Arts design was most popular during what became known as the Belle Époque, or the beautiful age. Perhaps the most important if not best-known example of this French opulence within a logical design is the Paris Opà ©ra house by the French architect Charles Garnier. Definitions of Beaux-Arts Architecture Historical and eclectic design on a monumental scale, as taught at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in the 19th cent.- Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw- Hill, 1975, p. 48 The Beaux Arts is a classical style with the full range of Greco-Roman elements: the column, arch, vault and dome. It is the showy, almost operatic, manner in which these elements are composed that gives the style its characteristic flavor.- Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation To Hyphenate or Not Generally, if beaux arts is used alone, the words are not hyphenated. When used together as an adjective to describe a style or architecture, the words are often hyphenated. Some English dictionaries always hyphenate these non-English words. About Musà ©e des Beaux Arts The English poet W. H. Auden wrote a poem called Musà ©e des Beaux Arts in 1938. In it, Auden describes a scene from a painting by the artist Peter Breughel, a piece of art that Auden observed while visiting the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels, Belgium. The poems theme of the commonplace of suffering and tragedy- how it takes place / While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along- is as relevant today as it ever was. Is it ironic or on purpose that the painting and the poem are paired with one of the most visibly ornate styles of architecture in an era of conspicuous consumption? Sources Richard Morris Hunt, Beaux-Arts Architectural Drawings The Architecture of the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts by Arthur Drexler, 1977 The Beaux Arts Style by Jonathan and Donna Fricker, Fricker Historic Preservation Services, LLC, February 2010, Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation (PDF) [accessed July 26, 2016]; Beaux Arts Architecture on Capitol Hill, Architect of the Capitol [accessed April 13, 2017]

Ricardos Theory of Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ricardos Theory of Comparative Advantage - Essay Example Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Cost states that trade helps two parties - whether individuals or countries - if they focus on the production of the commodity in which they have a comparative advantage, and then trade that one for the commodity for which they do not have a comparative advantage. A country has an absolute advantage if it can produce all goods cheaper than another country. Even a country which has an absolute advantage should not produce all goods. It should concentrate on the production of that commodity in which it has a comparative advantage, and exchange it for the goods it needs - produced by other countries. These countries would be producing those goods in which it has the least comparative disadvantage, and overall consumption and satisfaction would thus be maximized. Ricardo used the example of England and Portugal producing wine and corn to explain the theory. Portugal finds it easier to produce wine instead of cloth although it can produce both cheaper than England does. England produces cloth relatively easier than it does wine, although the cost of production for both are more than when they are produced in Portugal. In this scenario it is beneficial for both countries if Portugal produces only wine, which it can do with relative ease, and England produces only cloth, in which industry it reduces its costs. Portugal trades its excess wine for England's cloth. (David Ricardo and Comparative Cost) Let us assume that one worker in Portugal can produce 8 yards of cloth or 8 gallons of wine, in a year; and one worker in England can produce 8 yards of cloth or 4 gallons of wine. Portugal has an absolute advantage in wine production, as compared to England. In cloth production, both countries are equal. However, England has a relative advantage in cloth production as against wine, when compared to Portugal. Situation 1 Both the countries have no trade. Both countries have ten thousand workers each. The production possibilities would be as follows. Portugal has 5000 workers producing wine and 5000 producing cloth. Then Portugal produces 40,000 (8 * 5000) yards of cloth, and 40,000 (8* 5000) gallons of wine. If England had 5000 workers producing wine and 5000 producing cloth then it would produce 40,000 (8* 5000) yards of cloth and 20,000 (4* 5000) gallons of wine. There is no trade, and the economies exist independently. However, total production for both economies would be 60,000 gallons of wine and 80000 yards of cloth. Situation 2: Now, let us suppose that Portugal puts all its workers in producing wine, and England puts all its workers in cloth. Then Portugal will produce 80,000 gallons of wine, and England would produce 80,000 yards of cloth. Situation 3: If England produced only wine, and Portugal only cloth, then the total wine production would be 40000 gallons and cloth production would be 80, 000 yards. Production is maximized in Situation 2, which is the one in which England has a relative advantage in the production of cloth. Ricardo's theory was a strong argument in favor of free trade, although the model was rather a simplistic one. Some of the assumptions it made do not correspond to the real world situation. It is assumed that full employment exists in the countries, and that opportunity costs are constant. Full mobility of factors of production within a country, and immobility across borders are assumed. Surely, it's not as easy

VIDEO QUESTIONS Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VIDEO QUESTIONS - Movie Review Example This species of snake is not killed by the high level of toxicity in the newt’s skin so the newt has to evolve and increasing its own toxicity to finally be also able to kill the garter snake which has developed a unique resistance to its poison, unlike what a newt does with its other predators. 3. What is the trade-off for the snake in developing greater resistance to toxicity? - The snake is temporarily paralyzed or slowed down for a few minutes after eating a newt but does not die. The snake moves slower as a trade-off for developing a higher resistance but then becomes more vulnerable to its own set of predators because it cannot move fast enough to get away. 5. Why are antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria so prevalent in prisons? The drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis were of low quality and in inadequate amount or the regimen was not followed strictly so the TB microorganisms are not killed off entirely and started to evolve into new strains or variants or hybrids which were more resistant to antibiotics. 6. How can evolution domesticate a disease? – Misuse, overuse, and widespread use of antibiotics had effectively made many disease-causing microorganisms seen in the world today to become highly-resistant. But evolution can also domesticate a disease by making it less virulent by reducing its level of toxicity through some means, such as making its spread easier. 7. What does mutualistic symbiosis mean? Give an example. Mutualistic symbiosis means different species of animals or living organisms living together which benefit them both which is opposite to the usual evolutionary picture of constant competition or the so-called biological arms-race. A group (a type of fish) is cleaned by a tiny shrimp of its numerous parasites on its skin. 8. Describe the relation among allergies and asthma among children of farmers and non-farmer. – Children who lived on farms and in contact

Management Theories and Philosophies Assignment

Management Theories and Philosophies - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the Management Theory and Philosophy is referred to an independent forum that pays attention to the essential philosophical matters of management in terms of both theories as well as practice. Management includes planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. The fundamental theories which are used in today’s management are the Classical theory and the Human Relation theory. The Classical Approach acknowledges the main part of management thought, which depends on the principle that employees do only have physical and economic needs; and the requirement for the satisfaction of job and social needs either is unimportant or does not subsist. It defines the homogenous facts on the administration of organizations. This approach supports decision making, high interest of labor and profit maximization. The analysis will focus on the contribution of various authors such as Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henri Fayol and Max W eber who have applied these theories in various disciplines. The classical approach includes Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and the Bureaucratic management. On the other hand, the Human Relation Approach focuses on the people and human being’s behavior. It refers to an organizational tool that assists in efficiency thinking and rationalization. It goes further than physical contributions in order to include cognitive, emotional, and creative aspects of workers. Employees communicate opinions, suggestions, feelings, and complaints to boost production and satisfaction.