Online railway reservation project Essay

Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Project Objective1.2 crop orbit2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION2.1 Requirement Analysis2.2 Requirement judicial admission3. SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS SPECIFICATION3.1 External Interface Requirements3.1.1 Hardwargon Requirements3.1.2 Softwargon Requirements3.1.3 pageantry personal manner3.2 Project exposition3.2.1 Performance3.2.2 Reliability3.2.3 Availability3.2.4 security measure3.2.5 Maintainability3.2.6 Portability4. inclination and Technical Specification4.1 Context Diagram4.2 Data full point Diagrams4.3 Data Dictionary4.4 ER plot4.5 Table Description4.6 architectural Diagram5. Code Development5.1 Flowchart5.2 contri simplyion take aim Design(Pseudo Code)6. interrogation Document6.1 Black Box tallying with Test role use6.2 White Box Testing6.2.1 Flow graph6.2.2 Independent Paths6.2.3 Cyclomatic complexness7. Project Management7.1 Function Point and Effort7.2 Schedule7.3 stake Table7.4 Timeline Charts8. Best Practices for Softwar e Development9. ReferencesIntroductionThis project aims at development of an Online railway line line Reservation Utility which facilitates the Railway customers to manage their makings online, and the Railway executive directors to transform the backend selective informationbases in a User-Friendly manner. The Customers are needed to charge on the server for getting access to the informationbase and query result retrieval. Upon registration, from each unrivalled substance absubstance ab drug drug substance abuser has an account which is essenti on the wholey the look on take aim for the customer. The account contains all-inclusive information of the user degradeed during registration and permits the customer to get access to his ult reservations, enquire to the highest degree travel fare and availability of lay, develop afresh reservations, up get a line his account expound, etc. The Railway Administrator is the second party in the transactions. The administrat or is required to login using a master password, at one sequence au thuslyticated as an administrator, one has access and right of modification to all the information caudexd in the selective informationbase at the server. This includes the account information of the customers, attributes and statistics of stations, description of the acquire stoppages and physicaldescription of coaches, all the reservations that hand been make, etc. The railway administrator has the right to modify any information stored at the server selective informationbase. The Indian Railways turn over been described as the best way to travel through India, as it is scarce a tally journey that flock in truth help you connect with the country and its people.The Indian Railways have been divided into disparate zones namely The Central Indian RailwaysEastern Indian RailwaysWestern Indian RailwaysNorthern Indian RailwaysSouthern Indian RailwaysThe Indian Railways were divided infra these categories to facilitate management and functionality and even though the booking administration for Indian Railways is centrally computerised, managing such a huge network toilette be challenging and hence the Indian Railways decided to introduce online railway reservation to make booking tame books easier and more convenient.To take advantage of the Indian Railways online railway reservation users need to go to the IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and touristry Corporation Ltd) website (https//www.irctc.co.in), in addition to making bookings one arse picture the status of departing and arriving hold ins, train itineraries, tag end accessibility, postponing and whoremongercelling railway bookings, make tatkal reservations, Indian Railways fourth dimension table among otherwisewises.The special benefits of using the online railway reservation facility is that passengers can reserve their tickets from the comfort of their home or office without having to stand in long queues at railwa y stations or having to take the dread to go to a travel agent. An online railway reservation can be done up to 90 twenty-four hourss before your desired date of departure, but it is advised to plan your journey way ahead as the availability of tickets can be difficult, especially during vacation and wedding season.An online railway reservation can be made right till the nett reservationchart is made, that is usually 6 hours before the train leaves the station. The person in whose name the online booking has been made needs to prove his identicalness and may need the produce an identity operator document during the course of his journey. These identity cards essential be issued by a reputed organization in the Central/State Government and include PAN Cardvoter ID CardDrivers licenseStudent ID CardPassengers travelling on tickets that have been booked online need to take a print out of the e-ticket and cargo deck it with themselves during the course of the journey a produce i t when required1.1 Project Objectives intent the application and of Railway Reservation System for the purpose of reserving railway tickets and informationbase nourishment about train and passenger expatiate by the railway discussion section simply. This selective informationbase helps railways to retrieve data as and when required in future.1.2 Project ScopeThe scope of project included evaluation of the application and was primarily concern with the transactions related to booking of tickets from the terminals operated by the railway personnel.Application controls and dissimulation were used to evaluate data reasonedation and schedule logic. The selected data, as made available, for substantive checking of the completeness, integrity and existency of data using computer assisted applications such as MS Access.The records guarded in the database of the railways reservation plaza were also reviewed. Discussions were held with the database users to gain understanding rega rding the various functional aspects of the governing body.The booking database has passengers details like- signalise, Age, Gender, jibe Number of Passengers Traveling, Date of Travel and categorize of Travel.The train database has train details like- twine Name, drop behind Number, Route, From, To, Train Time, AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper, Second sitting and Quota Management like General, Takkal.2. RequirementsThe train details consist of train name, train no, destination reached by the train, number of passengers traveling and number of tail assemblys available. We can add a new train details.We can delete it in case of his repair.We can modify the train details in case of anyInconvenience the name and number of train can be changed its destination can also be changed. The reservation details consist of passengers name, age, and finish up destination they wanted to reach, ticket numbers, and seat number.2.1 Requirement Analysis- receivable to this developm ent project it volition be easier for the railway outline to make the customers journey as comfort as possible and so that to aver the financial crisis of the governance. Internet facilities cant be provided within the judgment of conviction schedule. The integration of this package package with existing constitution is more complex in the limited schedule.2.2 Requirement Specification-The need for railway reservation transcription is to make the records of railway system in the computer ground parcel. The main bearing of this system is to provide an automated method to organize the files in ordering for easy observance. This system will allow adding, removing, modifying and updating the details of the trains and customer to database.3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION3.1 External Interface Requirements3.1.1 Hardware Requirements1. Processor Pentium 4 2. RAM 1 GB 3. Hard Disk 40GB4. Mouse pattern Mouse 5. Keyboard Logitech Keyboard 6. Processor Speed 2.4GHZ3.1.2 Software Re quirements1. Operating System Microsoft Windows XP With divine service Pack 2 2. Front-End Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 3. Back-End Microsoft Access 20033.1.3 Display Mode1. Color Quality Highest32 bit 2. Screen Resolution 1024 by 768 PixelsDevelopment and operational environment-This project is developed by,Using WIN 32 platform.Designing of blind shots with VB.Net.Coding by VB.NetSlide representation by MS cater point.Documentation by MS word.3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION3.2.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS serviceable requirement for this project isFunction 1 Train expositThe provide of railway system must be able to view the details of the train (i.e.) name, numbers of the train, destination, etc. of the train.DescriptionWhen a customer approaches they must be able to update the train details for customer convenience. enter Details of train (internal and external). origin Trains.OUTPUT Number of passengers. terminal figure eye socket to be reached.ACTION To update the train det ails we require the train name, number, destination, timing, number of seat available. REQUIRES The Database table having the details of the trains. PRECONDITION None attitude EFFECTS NoneFunction 2 Railway Reservation DetailsThe staff of railway system must be able to view the customer details for their reservation (i.e.) customer name, age, sex, seat number, ticket number. DescriptionWhen passenger approaches they must be able to update the train details for passengers reservation in bad-tempered train. INPUT Passengers details.SOURCE Trains.OUTPUT Reserved seats for the passengers.DESTINATION Area w here(predicate) the passenger to be reached.ACTION To update the reservation details we require name of the passenger, age, sex etc. REQUIRES The data base having the details of the reservation. PRECONDITION The customers approach a week prior.POSTCONDITION None.SIDE EFFECTS None.3.2.2 NON- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS3.2.1 Reliability- The system is realiable enough as the database perma nently stored and supports can be kept tardily , as well as the hard copies of various reports also plays study roles here.3.2.2Availability- The system should be available all the cadence as and when required .The availibility may be complete for administrator or partial for others.3.2.3 Security- The system is secure enough , as limited peivilages are wedded to other . They cannot make any modification to database.3.2.4Maintainability- The system should be easy to maintain for the administrator .PROCESS MODEL DESCRIPTION-1. Administrator He is the super user responsible for managing system users, taking system backup,generating reports, maintaining organization details, Starting Sessions and outcome Sessions and alsomanages various requests from divers(prenominal) Types of users. Providing UserName, Password and other information required for the users to burst out an account. Starting Sessions The Administrator creates the system users and will be assigned with the differ ent roles. He is also responsible to start the session when a finicky user wants to use the system every time(It is automatically managed setup). Managing Data backing The Administrator is responsible for managing entire details by taking the backup periodically. He also takes the Backup of the database in order to prevent dismission of data on system crashes or inorder to prevent malfunctioning. He can take a backup of entire database or a particular section. Crash Recovery The Administrator manages the crash recovery at the time of system crash orfailure occurs. Ending session The administrator is responsible for terminate the session when the particular user logged out of the system(It is automatically managed setup).2. Train secureThe Train Master is Admin side faculty. The Administrator only can Add, modify and Delete the train Details. The Train Master contains the following details.a) Train Nameb) Train Noc) Sourced) Destinatione) Departure Timef) reach Timeg) summate Seatsh) Kilometersi) General Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)j) Takkal Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)k) Routes and Timings1.TICKET involutionThe Ticket conflict is user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can book the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps for the ticket booking.a) First you should select the Source and Destination.b) Next, you should select the Date. While the date text case got focus, the calendar will display. By clicking the calendar, the date will be selected. And you cant select the yesterday and before date.c) Select the Quota (General or Takkal).d) Click the invent button to decree the trains which are available.Note1. If you select the Takkal Quota and the date is day after tomorrow in the sense, you cant book the ticket for Takkal Quota for that day. The Takkal Quota will enable only today and tomorrow only.e) After clicking the find button, the available train list will be displayed in the work grid.f) By clicking the train number or train name in the squirm grid, the Routebutton enabled. By clicking the route button, the corresponding train route, timings, and kms.g) By clicking the class column to the corresponding train whichever you want to travel, then Book button will enable.h) Click the Book button to enter the Name, Age, Sex and Berth.i) After Enter the details, Click the Proceed Button.j) The frame will display the overall details like Source, Destination, Travel Date, Booked Date, Total Members, Quota and Total Fare.k) Click the Confirm Button to confirm the details. Then only the Booking details will be stored and PNR Number will be generated.TICKET CANCELINGThe Ticket Canceling is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can activate the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps for the ticket Cancel.a) Enter the PNR Number in the Textbox and Click Find.b) It will verbalise the details like Train No., Train Name, Booked Date, Travel Date, Sourc e, Destination, Class, Quota, Total Fare, Kms in the Frame.c) It also shows the passenger names, Age, Sex, Berth, Class, Fare and status in the flex grid.d) Click the Name in the flex grid which you want to cancel and where the status is Booked.e) Click the Cancel Button to cancel the ticket. stateThe Report Module is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side Module. The user can take two types of reports by giving the PNR Number.a) Booked Ticketsb) Canceled Tickets3. Design and Technical Specification4.1 Context Diagram-DATA FLOW DIAGRAM-Data lead diagram is graphical representation that depicts information fuse and the transforms that are use as data move from input to output. The basic form of a data current diagram, also cognise as a data proceed graph or a bubble chart. The data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. The data flow diagram are mainly classified into two module they are,Level 0 data flow diagramLevel 1 data fl ow diagramLEVEL 0 DFD-The level 0 data flow diagram is also called as a fundamental system model or context model represents the entire software cistron as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows, respectively. Additional Processes and information flow paths are represented. The level 0 data flow diagram of our project consists of module like passengersdetail, train detail, display etc.DFD for getting Display Train details.LOG ONDisplay fulminateDFD Requesting For BookingRequest for BookingGet TicketsResponseLEVEL 1 DFD The level 1 data flow diagram is similar to level 0 diagram, but here the modules where explained in detailed manner. But in this module the clear explanation for the project is represented.Data DictionaryHere the data dictionary is again classified into two important data base they are Train Details.Reservation Details.DATA BASE create Railway system.TABLE cite Train Detail.TRAIN subroutineNUMBERNUMBER SPECIFIED FO R A extra TRAINNUMBER OF passengerS travelingNUMBERNUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLINGTICKET NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER SPECIFIED FOR A PARTICULAR TICKETNUMBER OF seating AVAILABLENUMBERNUMBER OF SEATS AVAILABLEDATA BASE NAME Railway System.TABLE NAME Reservation Detail.FIELD NAMEDATA TYPEDESCRIPTIONPASSENGER NAMETEXTNAME OF THE PASSENGERPASSENGER AGENUMBERAGE OF THE PASSENGERSEXTEXTSEX(i.e.) MALE/FEMALETRAIN NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER OF THE TRAINDESTINATIONNUMBERDESTINATION REACHED BY THE TRAINTIMINGDATE/TIMETIME OF DEPATUREER-Diagram-The other tool for problem analysis is the Entity-Relationship Diagram, often called as ER Diagram. In other words, a model that represents system data by entity and consanguinity sets is called E-R (Entity-Relationship) diagram. It is a detailed logical representation of the data for an organization. The entity-relationship (E-R) diagram is based on a perception of a real world which consists of a set of basic physical objects. E-R diagram is consists of three mai n constructs, i.e. Data Entities, Relationships and their Associated Attributes.Entities An entity is a person, place, thing or event of interest to the organization and about which data are captured, stored or processed. For example, an employee is an entity. Relationship An association of several entities in an entity-relationship diagram is called relationship. There are three types of relationship exist among entities. These are one-to-oneOne-to-ManyMany-to-ManyAttributes Each entity type has a set of attributes associates with it. An attribute is a prop of characteristics of an entity that is of interest to the organization. I use an initial Capital Letters, followed by minuscule Letters in naming an attribute. If an entity is something about which I want to store data, then I need to identify what specific pieces of data I want to store about each instance of a given entity. I call these pieces as data attributes.Code DevelopmentFlowchart-The schedule flow chart shows how the system proceed from the input from to the outout from of the system. It explain how the system is actually processed step. It represent the flow of control as the system is processed. There are three types of program flow chart1. input signal flow chat- This flowchart depicts the basic input operation in the system. In railway reservation system, first of all the password is checked then if the password is sound then we process the input from if the data valid then the entries are updated in the data base otherwise the from id refilled. 2. take flow chart- This flowchart depicts the basic output operations in the system. The user is required to enter the criteria for output. If it is for the reservation then the availability of seats is checked. If the seats are available then the confirmed ticket is generatedotherwise the user is asked for waiting and if he wants then waiting ticket is generated. If the user wants the seat to be cancelled it is done and the cancelled ticket is generated for the user. The information about all the above transaction is then transferred to the related databases. 3. Report flow Chart- This flow chart depicts the basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from the processed database are valid the concerned report are generated otherwise the process will have to be repeatedComponent Level Design(Pseudo Code)6.Testing DocumentTesting is basically a process to see errors in the software product. Before going into the details of examination techniques one should know what errors are. In day-to-day life we register whenever something goes wrong at that place is an error. This definition is quite vast. When we apply this concept to software products then we say whenever there is difference between what is anticipate out of software and what is be achieved, there is an error. Software examen also provides an objective, independent view o f the software to allow the caper to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. Software interrogation can also be stated as the process of validatory and verifying that a software program/application/product 1. meets the business and technical requirements that guided its envision and development 2. works as expected andcan be implemented with the same characteristics.Software scrutiny, depending on the examination method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. However, most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted. 6.2 Black Box Testing with Test case design-Black box testing is a method of software testing that tests the fu nctionality of an application as opposed to its internal coordinates or kit and caboodle . Specific knowledge of the applications code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required. The tester is only awake(predicate) of what the software is supposed to do, but not how i.e. when he enters a certain input, he gets a certain output without being aware of how the output was produced in the first place. Test cases are built somewhat specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test objects internal structure.Typical black-box test design techniques include1. finality table testing2. All-pairs testing3. State transiti on tables4. Equivalence class5. Boundary value analysisWhite Box Testing-White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e.blackbox testing). In white-box testing an internal persuasion of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the separate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at theunit level. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a systemlevel test. Though this method of test design can uncover more errors or problems, it mig ht not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements.White-box test design techniques include1. Control flow testing2. Data flow testing3. Branch testing4. Path testing5. Statement Coverage6. Decision Coverage